Paramedic National Registry Practice

What is the life-threatening systemic reaction to allergens called?

1. Anaphylaxis

2. Shock

3. Asthma Attack

4. Urticaria

The correct answer is: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen. This response can result in widespread systemic effects, including difficulty breathing due to airway constriction, swelling, and a dramatic drop in blood pressure, leading to shock. The rapid onset of symptoms, which may include hives, swelling of the throat, heart palpitations, and gastrointestinal distress, marks anaphylaxis as a critical emergency requiring immediate medical intervention, often with epinephrine. It is essential to understand that while shock and asthma attacks are serious medical conditions, they are not synonymous with anaphylaxis. Shock refers generally to inadequate blood flow and can occur due to various reasons, and asthma attacks are specifically related to respiratory issues usually triggered by allergens or irritants. Urticaria, or hives, is a skin condition often associated with allergies but does not encompass the systemic effects that characterize anaphylaxis. Thus, recognizing anaphylaxis as the immediate threat is crucial for effective treatment and patient safety.